There are many, many, stars in our universe that come with many different kinds of stars. I will be showing the different kinds, as well as giving a brief description of the star. I will not be going in any certain order.
Red Supergiants. Low to medium mass stars then evolve into Red Giants, though high mass stars that are well over the size of our Sun, evolve into Red Supergiants during their helium-burning phase. The high mass stars fuse helium into carbon and oxygen at a faster rate, but at slow fusion times, the star can collapse into itself and become a Blue Supergiant.
That brings us into Blue Supergiants. Blue Supergiants are hot, luminous stars that are often referred to as OB Supergiants. They are definitely bigger than our Sun, yet smaller than Red Supergiants. They can fall into a range to 10 and 100 solar masses.
Next is white dwarfs. White dwarfs have a mass comparable to that of the Sun while its volume to that of the Earth's. White dwarfs are very dimly lit stars. Their dim luminosity comes from emission of residual thermal energy, meaning, there is no fusion in a white dwarf.
The next one is a theoretical stellar remnant, specifically a cooled off white dwarf that does not emit significant light or heat, a black dwarf. No black dwarfs are supposed to exist in this universe, because the time requirement for a white dwarf to reach this state is calculated to be longer than the age of the universe.
Some of the smallest, dimmest, and coldest stars are brown dwarfs. They are also known as the failed stars and are very difficult to detect, as they don't have significant mass for nuclear fusion to occur.
Next are blue dwarf stars. Their temperatures are about 10,000 Kelvin. They radiate more energy than what our Sun can make in the same amount of time. They are one of the rarest stars you can find in the sky.
Red dwarf stars are the smallest type of main-sequence stars, but bigger than brown dwarfs.
Yellow dwarfs. These types of stars are bigger than a red dwarf and have a mass of 0.6 to 1.2 times of the sun
Next is Neutron stars. Neutron stars are the collapsed core of a Supergiant star that had a mass between 10 and 25 solar masses, or even bigger.
As you can see, they are all different in their own way. In my opinion, these are just some of the most important stars that you need to know about in astronomy.

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